IEC 31010 provides another weapon for managers wanting to mitigate risk. In 2002, Donald Rumsfeld stated that “there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns – the ones we don’t know we don’t know”. What can we learn from this?

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